Bivalvia | Unionida | Etherioidea

family IRIDINIDAE Swainson, 1840: cladomics

2 subfamilies

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 39 (52 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: subfamily) = 2
analyzed in 77 cladograms in 43 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 7 (mean = 2.01, median = 2)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 1.34, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 40
maximum number of included terminals = 7, (mean = 2.95 median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 1.65, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.48

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 25
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (subfamily) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 7 (mean = 3.44, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (subfamily) = 2 (mean = 2, median = 2)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.16

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Iridinidae cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Iridinidae cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 2 43 6 2 **
ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE ASPATHARIINAE IRIDININAE

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.867 3 9 7 2 33 6 2 8.0
UNIONINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE GONIDEINAE AMBLEMINAE IRIDININAE Etheria ASPATHARIINAE Mulleria MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.812 4 4 1 2 43 6 2 1.0
Chambardia Aspatharia IRIDININAE Etheria Mulleria MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 4 4 2 2 42 6 2 0.0
ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.938 4 4 2 2 42 6 2 0.0
Pseudomulleria Mulleria Etheria MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 78 3 2 5.0
UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 12 3 2 6.0
MARGARITIFERIDAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 12 3 2 6.0
HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 26 3 2 6.0
UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 25 3 2 6.0
UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 25 3 2 6.0
UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.824 5 10 8 2 196 5 2 7.0
MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE Anodontites IRIDININAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODINAE MONOCONDYLAEINAE Lamproscapha

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.824 5 10 8 2 194 5 2 7.0
MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE Anodontites IRIDININAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODINAE MONOCONDYLAEINAE Lamproscapha

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.824 5 10 6 2 196 5 2 7.0
HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE Anodontites IRIDININAE MYCETOPODINAE MONOCONDYLAEINAE Lamproscapha

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 31 3 2 6.0
UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 31 3 2 6.0
UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 66 3 2 6.0
MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 66 3 2 6.0
MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.929 3 6 4 2 66 3 2 6.0
MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.667 7 20 19 2 626 14 2 17.0
IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE Etheria Anodontites trapesialis Mulleria Lamproscapha Monocondylaea Tamsiella MYCETOPODINAE Anodontites guanarensis Fossula Anodontites trigona Anodontites elongata HYRIIDAE UNIONINAE Lamellidens Balwantia Trapezidens LEOPARREYSIINI Pseudomulleria INDOCHINELLINI PARREYSIINI COELATURINI RECTIDENTINI MARGARITIFERIDAE AMBLEMINAE INDOPSEUDODONTINA Lannanaia Pilsbryoconcha Songkhlanaia Nyeinchanconcha Sundadontina Isannaia Namkongnaia Thaiconcha Bineurus Pseudodon walpolei Pseudodon vagulus Pseudodon vondembuschianus Pseudodon mekongi SCHEPMANIINI Pseudodon lenyanensis 2 Pseudodon inoscularis Pseudodon lenyanensis 1 CHAMBERLAINIINI Parvasolenaia Pseudopostolata Koreosolenaia Cosmopseudodon Guiunio Ptychorhynchus Obovalis Postolata Caudiculatus LAMPROTULINI Sinosolenaia carinata Gonidea Microcondylaea Leguminaia Inversidens Sinosolenaia recognita Sinosolenaia iridinea Sinosolenaia oleivora

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 3 5 3 2 33 2 1 4.0
UNIONIDAE ASPATHARIINAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 3 5 3 2 33 2 1 4.0
ASPATHARIINAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE HYRIIDAE

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.692 2 7 0 2 39 5 1 8.0
IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODIDAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Guerra et al., 2019 [Publ 4168], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.692 2 7 0 2 39 5 1 8.0
ASPATHARIINAE IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.692 2 7 0 2 138 5 1 8.0
IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODIDAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Galal-Khallaf et al., 2024 [Publ 4459], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 2 24 0 0 2.0
UNIONIDAE IRIDININAE ASPATHARIINAE

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 1 1 0 1 16 4 2 --
IRIDININAE ANODONTITINAE MYCETOPODINAE ETHERIIDAE

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.846 2 2 0 1 32 6 2 --
IRIDININAE Etheria Mulleria MYCETOPODIDAE

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 2 2 --
ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 39 2 2 --
ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 28 2 2 --
MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 28 2 2 --
MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 137 2 2 --
MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 137 2 2 --
ASPATHARIINAE MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 2 2 --
MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 2 2 --
MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 56 2 2 --
MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 120 3 2 --
MYCETOPODIDAE ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 89 3 2 --
ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 89 3 2 --
ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 24 3 2 --
ASPATHARIINAE ETHERIIDAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.778 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2001 [Publ 2652], fig. 14f4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Hoeh et al., 2002 [Publ 2653], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Roe & Hoeh, 2003 [Publ 2655], fig. 4f3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 1 29 3 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.833 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 --
ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE HYRIIDAE

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 1 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Guerra et al., 2017 [Publ 3772], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 24 1 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 41 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 55 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 1 1 --
ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 47 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 1 1 --
ETHERIIDAE ASPATHARIINAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 67 1 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2022 [Publ 4238], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 72 1 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 94 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2023 [Publ 4463], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 20 1 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Gomes-dos-Santos et al., 2023 [Publ 4463], fig. 2b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 21 1 1 --
IRIDININAE MYCETOPODIDAE

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 90 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 86 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 84 1 1 --
MYCETOPODIDAE IRIDININAE

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
IRIDININAE UNIONINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE AMBLEMINAE

Hoeh et al., 1998 [Publ 2695], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
IRIDININAE AMBLEMINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONINAE

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
IRIDININAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 29 0 0 --
IRIDININAE HYRIIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE UNIONIDAE

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 26_27_29_30

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

Bieler et al., 2014 [Publ 3622], fig. 28

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 4 0 0 --
ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
ASPATHARIINAE HYRIIDAE UNIONIDAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

González & Giribet, 2015 [Publ 3632], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 5 0 0 --
ASPATHARIINAE MARGARITIFERIDAE

Wu et al., 2019 [Publ 3864], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 --
HYRIIDAE IRIDININAE