Bivalvia | Unionida | Etherioidea

family ETHERIIDAE Deshayes, 1832: cladomics

4 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 4 (4 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 4
analyzed in 40 cladograms in 26 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 3 (mean = 1.35, median = 1)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 1.35, median = 1)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 8
maximum number of included terminals = 3, (mean = 2.75 median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.75, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.25

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 8
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 3 (mean = 2.75, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 3 (mean = 2.75, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.25

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

Cladograms

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

** Top Monophyly Cladogram ** ** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

Bogan & Hoeh, 2000 [Publ 2650], fig. 1

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

Graf, 2000 [Publ 2647], fig. 1

Walker et al., 2006 [Publ 2666], fig. 6

Graf et al., 2015 [Publ 3619], fig. 1

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 2

Bolotov et al., 2016 [Publ 3743], fig. 4

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 1

Combosch et al., 2017 [Publ 3806], fig. 2

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

Huang et al., 2018 [Publ 3828], fig. 3_5

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 1

Lopes-Lima et al., 2018 [Publ 3829], fig. 3

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. 2

Wu et al., 2020 [Publ 4121], fig. S1

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 2

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 3

Sano et al., 2020 [Publ 4138], fig. 4

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4455], fig. 1

Elderkin et al., 2016 [Publ 3693], fig. 2

Lemer et al., 2019 [Publ 4093], fig. 1

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

Prié et al., 2026 [Publ 4844], fig. 2

Prié et al., 2026 [Publ 4844], fig. 3