Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Gonideinae | Rectidentini

subtribe CONTRADENTINA Modell, 1942: cladomics

6 genera

Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!

The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.

The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.

Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.

For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!

Cladomics Summary

number of species = 35 (35 total)
number of subtaxa (rank: genus) = 6
analyzed in 79 cladograms in 50 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 31 (mean = 6.43, median = 3)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.62, median = 2)

Basic Monophyly

number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 70
maximum number of included terminals = 31, (mean = 7.13 median = 4.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.83, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 0.99

Rigorous Monophyly

number of cladograms that test rigorous monophyly = 62
(Rigorous monophyly refers to cladograms with terminal species representing more than one subtaxon (genus) taxon and at least one rigorous outgroup (family).
maximum number of included terminals = 31 (mean = 6.69, median = 3.5)
maximum number of subtaxa (genus) = 5 (mean = 2.92, median = 3)
proportion of cladograms that support rigorous monophyly = 0.98

Pairwise Cladogram Clustering

The graphs below depict in two dimensions all pair-wise ingroup distances within the cladome. See the Cladmoics FARQ for more information.

PCoA Ordination of Contradentina cladogram distances
PCoA Ordination

NJ Tree of Contradentina cladogram distances
NJ Tree

Cladograms

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 4-5

** Top Monophyly Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 52 3 1 **
RECTIDENTINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Lens Solenaia

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4218], fig. 5

** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 4 24 7 2 6.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3937], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 5 52 3 1 0
RECTIDENTINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Lens Solenaia

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 9

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 15 15 13 5 14 13 1 10.0
RECTIDENTINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Solenaia Lens

Zieritz et al., 2020 [Publ 4102], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 14 14 12 4 17 12 2 15.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Yaukthwa Trapezoideus Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5b

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 6.0
Hyriopsis bialata Rectidens CTENODESMINA Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Yaukthwa elongatula Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa inlenensis Yaukthwa paiensis Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 5c

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 7 7 1 4 29 6 2 6.0
Ensidens Hyriopsis desowitzi Rectidens Hyriopsis bialata CTENODESMINA Physunio Yaukthwa paiensis Yaukthwa inlenensis Trapezoideus Yaukthwa elongatula Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 6-7

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Liu et al., 2024 [Publ 4380], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.917 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 6 4 37 10 2 5.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Yaukthwa Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 7 7 5 4 29 6 2 4.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.769 31 31 30 4 602 22 2 31.0
Khairuloconcha Ctenodesma RECTIDENTINA Physunio modelli Physunio pellucidus Physunio massini Physunio superbus Physunio Trapezoideus Yaukthwa Lens

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 3900], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 16 16 14 4 35 11 1 17.0
RECTIDENTINA Yaukthwa Physunio Trapezoideus Lens

Konopleva et al., 2019 [Publ 4041], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.800 19 19 17 4 15 12 1 18.0
RECTIDENTINA Yaukthwa Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 23 23 21 4 94 12 1 20.0
RECTIDENTINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Bolotov et al., 2020 [Publ 4100], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 23 23 21 4 88 12 1 22.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens Yaukthwa

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4212], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 10 10 8 4 11 11 1 8.0
RECTIDENTINA Trapezoideus Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Konopleva et al., 2023 [Publ 4262], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.900 19 19 17 4 63 16 1 17.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Yaukthwa Lens

Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 [Publ 4387], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 56 6 2 4.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens Trapezoideus

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 10 3 127 11 1 12.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3761], fig. S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 11 11 9 3 128 11 1 13.0
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio Yaukthwa

Bolotov et al., 2017 [Publ 3764], fig. S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 10 3 113 11 1 12.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Bolotov et al., 2018 [Publ 3826], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.375 10 10 0 3 72 8 1 11.0
RECTIDENTINA Lens eximius Physunio modelli 1 Yaukthwa nesemanni Yaukthwa panhai Lens comptus Lens novoselovi Physunio modelli 2 Physunio Yaukthwa inlenensis Lens contradens Lens micropterus

Pfeiffer et al., 2018 [Publ 3827], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 4 4 1 3 3 3 1 5.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Trapezoideus Lens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 10 3 189 11 1 12.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.889 12 12 10 3 187 11 1 12.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Yaukthwa Lens

Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.778 12 12 7 3 189 11 1 13.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio modelli Physunio Physunio superbus Yaukthwa Lens

Lopes-Lima et al., 2020 [Publ 4080], fig. 2-4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.750 3 5 0 3 119 2 1 7.0
Lens Ensidens Physunio Rectidens Yaukthwa Amblema Elliptio Lampsilis QUADRULINA Chamberlainia Sinohyriopsis Pronodularia Potomida Lamprotula INDOPSEUDODONTINA PSEUDODONTINA Sinosolenaia Gonidea Leguminaia Microcondylaea Inversidens Obovalis Ptychorhynchus Parvasolenaia Koreosolenaia

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 31 3 1 2.0
RECTIDENTINA Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 [Publ 4219], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 32 3 1 2.0
RECTIDENTINA Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 2_I

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 3 87 4 1 6.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens Yaukthwa

Wu et al., 2021 [Publ 4366], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 4 4 2 3 87 4 1 6.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens Yaukthwa

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S1_1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 3 1 2.0
RECTIDENTINA Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Jeratthitikul et al., 2022 [Publ 4260], fig. S2_2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 3 73 3 1 2.0
RECTIDENTINA Lens Trapezoideus Physunio

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 18

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 8 8 7 3 0 0 0 8.0
Yaukthwa Trapezoideus Physunio

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. S5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 15 15 12 3 0 0 0 14.0
Yaukthwa Physunio Trapezoideus

Dai et al., 2024 [Publ 4389], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 43 4 2 4.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4441], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 44 4 2 4.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4663], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 45 4 2 4.0
CTENODESMINA RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2015 [Publ 3620], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 37 1 1 5.5
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Lopes-Lima et al., 2017 [Publ 3745], fig. 1-2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
0.875 4 4 2 2 77 7 1 5.0
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Konopleva et al., 2017 [Publ 3807], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 28 1 1 5.5
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Jeratthitikul et al., 2019 [Publ 3911], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 6 6 11 2 3 1 1 18.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-F_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 46 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Zieritz et al., 2021 [Publ 4231], fig. 3-M_4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 21 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-BI

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 42 2 1 4.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 3-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 3 3 1 2 42 2 1 4.0
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens

Dai et al., 2023 [Publ 4285], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-aa

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2023 [Publ 4339], fig. 4_S5-nt

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8a_S1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4350], fig. 8b_S2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 89 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4383], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens

Matos et al., 2024 [Publ 4384], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 18 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Physunio Lens

Wu et al., 2024 [Publ 4388], fig. 6

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 51 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Zhang et al., 2024 [Publ 4397], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 25 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Dai et al., 2025 [Publ 4440], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 85 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Chen et al., 2025 [Publ 4448], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 83 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Klymus et al., 2025 [Publ 4814], fig. 3B

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 34 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 3_5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 138 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 45 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Wu et al., 2026 [Publ 4811], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 2 2 0 2 93 2 1 --
RECTIDENTINA Lens Physunio

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 12

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 11 11 8 2 0 0 0 12.0
Solenaia Lens

Pfeiffer et al., 2021 [Publ 4126], fig. 25

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 9 9 7 2 0 0 0 10.0
Solenaia Yaukthwa

Bolotov et al., 2022 [Publ 4250], fig. 8

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 12 12 10 2 37 0 0 13.0
PSEUDODONTINA INDOPSEUDODONTINA Trapezoideus Yaukthwa

Zieritz et al., 2024 [Publ 4381], fig. 7A

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 12 12 10 2 0 0 0 13.0
Solenaia Lens

Zieritz et al., 2026 [Publ 4812], fig. 2a

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 12 12 10 2 0 0 0 13.0
Solenaia Lens

Graf, 2002 [Publ 2651], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 17 0 0 --
Lens UNIONINA ALASMIDONTINA Gonidea Lampsilis Obliquaria Eurynia Amblema

Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 --
Coelatura Lens UNIONINA ALASMIDONTINA Gonidea QUADRULINA Amblema Eurynia Fusconaia Pleurobema Obliquaria Truncilla Ptychobranchus Ligumia Cambarunio Epioblasma Lampsilis Ortmanniana

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 46 0 0 --
Lens Gonidea PSEUDODONTINA Amblema Obliquaria QUADRULINA Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia Ptychobranchus Truncilla Ortmanniana Lampsilis Cambarunio Ligumia Epioblasma

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 --
Lens UNIONINA ALASMIDONTINA Gonidea Obliquaria QUADRULINA Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia Ptychobranchus Truncilla Ortmanniana Lampsilis Cambarunio Ligumia Epioblasma

Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 45 0 0 --
Lens UNIONINA ALASMIDONTINA Gonidea Obliquaria QUADRULINA Amblema Eurynia Pleurobema Fusconaia Truncilla Ptychobranchus Ortmanniana Cambarunio Ligumia Epioblasma

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-ML

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
PSEUDODONTINA Lens

Whelan et al., 2011 [Publ 3380], fig. 1-MP

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 35 0 0 --
Lens PSEUDODONTINA ALASMIDONTINA UNIONINA Gonidea Pronodularia Potomida QUADRULINA Pleurobema Amblema Lampsilis Truncilla

Pfeiffer & Graf, 2013 [Publ 3531], fig. 2

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 30 0 0 --
Physunio Pronodularia Potomida Lamprotula

Bolotov et al., 2019 [Publ 3974], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 5 5 3 1 13 0 0 9.0
Yaukthwa Leoparreysia Nitia Coelatura Indochinella Radiatula

Smith, 2021 [Publ 4331], fig. 1

cstiTtTbiriSoTroTroSiD
1.000 1 1 0 1 19 0 0 --
Lens Lamprotula