MUSSELpdb
Taxonomy
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freshwater mussels
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freshwater mussels
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Data last updated
Thu 19 March 2026
Bivalvia | Unionida | Unionoidea | Unionidae | Ambleminae | Lampsilini
genus Ptychobranchus Simpson, 1900: cladomics
6 Recent valid species (8 total species)
Cladomics pages are experimental — even more so than the rest of this site!
The purpose of the cladomics pages for each genus and family-group level taxon is to provide statistics and references indicating the extent to which published phylogenetic work supports the classification used here.
The Cladomics Summary provides an overview of the number of studies that have included terminal species representing this taxon as well as an indication of how frequently it has been recovered as monophyletic.
Following the summary, the available published clades representing the taxon are listed.
For more information, visit the Cladomics FARQ (frequently asked rhetorical questions) page. Abbreviations for the various statistics are explained on the FARQ!
Cladomics Summary
number of species = 6 (8 total)
analyzed in 32 cladograms in 19 publications
maximum number of terminals in an analysis = 5 (mean = 1.16, median = 1)
Basic Monophyly
number of cladograms that test basic monophyly (i.e., more than 1 included species) = 2
maximum number of included terminals = 5, (mean = 3.5 median = 3.5)
proportion of cladograms that support basic monophyly = 1
Cladograms
Roe, 2013 [Publ 3571], fig. 4
** Top Monophyly Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 5 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 0 |
+----------------------- Obliquaria | +----------------------- Lampsilis --+ | +-------------------- Medionidus | | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia | +--------------+ | | +-- Dromus +--+ | +-------------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus ** +--+ | +----------- Ptychobranchus_jonesi ** +--+ | +-------- Ptychobranchus_greenii ** +--+ | +----- Ptychobranchus_occidentalis__2 ** +--+ | +-- Ptychobranchus_occidentalis__1 ** +--+ +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
Campbell & Lydeard, 2026 [Publ 4810], fig. 6-14
** Top Sister-Group Cladogram **
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 629 | 91 | 26 | -- |
+-------- Potamilus_inflatus
+--------+
| | +----- Potamilus_ohiensis
| +--+
| | +-- Potamilus_amphichaenus
| +--+
+-----------------------------------+ +-- Potamilus_streckersoni
| |
| | +----- Potamilus_fragilis__2
| | +--------+
| | | | +-- Potamilus_leptodon
| | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Potamilus_fragilis__1
| |
| | +----------- Potamilus_metnecktayi
| | |
| +--+ +-------- Potamilus_alatus__3
| | |
| +--+ +----- Potamilus_alatus__2
--+ | |
| +--+----- Potamilus_purpuratus__2
| |
| | +-- Potamilus_alatus__1
| +--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus__1
|
| +-- Villosa_villosa
| +-----------------------------------------------+
| | +-- Atlanticoncha
| |
| | +-- Cambarunio_nebulosus
| | +--------------------------------------------+
+--+ | +-- Ligumia
| |
| | +-------- Leaunio_umbrans
| | +-----------------------------------+
| | | | +----- Cambarunio_taeniatus
+--+ | +--+
| | | +-- Cambarunio_iris
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio_simus
| |
| | +----------------------------------------- Hamiota
| | |
+--+ | +----------------------- Pachynaias
| | |
| | | +-------------------- Sagittunio
| | +--------------+ |
| | | | | +----- Ellipsaria
| | | | | +-----------+
| | | +--+ | | +-- Potamilus_capax
| | | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Truncilla
| | | | |
+--+ | +--+ +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_penicillatus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
| | | +--------+
| | | | +-- Ptychobranchus_greenii **
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2
| | | +-----+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| +--+
| | +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2
| +--+
| | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
| +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1
|
| +-- Villosa_delumbis
| +--------------------------------+
| | +-- Villosa_vibex
| |
| | +-------------- Obovaria_olivaria
| | |
| | +-----------------+ +-- Venustaconcha
| | | | +--------+
| | | | | +-- Epioblasma
| | | +--+
| | | | +-------- Obovaria_retusa
+--+ | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_choctawensis
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
| |
| | +-- Mesonaias
| | +-----------------------+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | |
+--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_splendida
| | | +--------------------+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_bracteata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
| | | +-----------------+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----------------- Lampsilis_ornata
| | | |
| | +--+ +-------------- Lampsilis_ovata__2
| | | |
| | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_dolabraeformis
| | | |
| | | | +----- Lampsilis_cardium__2
| | +--+ +--+
| | | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium__1
+--+ | | +--+
| +--+ +-- Lampsilis_satura
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_cariosa__2
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_ovata__1
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cariosa__1
|
| +----------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__2
| +--------------+
| | | +-------- Lampsilis_abrupta
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_higginsii__2
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina__1
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_higginsii__1
|
| +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| +-----------------+
| | | +-- Leaunio_lienosus
| | +--+
| | +-- Leaunio_vanuxemensis
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_floridensis
| +-----------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| |
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__1
+--+ |
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea__2
| +--------------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_powellii__1
| | |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_powellii__2
|
| +-------------- Lampsilis_sietmani
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis_straminea__2
| +--------+
| | +-- Lampsilis_virescens
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_hydiana__2
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_hydiana__1
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_bergmanni
+--+
+-- Lampsilis_straminea__1
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 56 | 47 | 22 | -- |
+-- Paetulunio
+-----------------------------------+
| +-- Toxolasma
|
| +----- Obliquaria
| +-----------------------------+
--+ | | +-- Glebula
| | +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| |
| | +----- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
| | +--+
+--+ | | +-- Dromus
| | +--+
| +-----------------------+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| | +--+
| | | +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Lemiox
|
| +----------------------------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------------------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Truncilla
+--+ +-----------------------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +-----+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ +--------------+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
+--+
| +-- Ligumia
| +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_teres
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Hamiota
|
| +----------------- Leaunio
| |
+--+ +-------------- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| |
+--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
+--+ +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha
+--+
+-------- Epioblasma
|
| +----- Obovaria_unicolor
+--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
+-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+----- Ellipsaria | +----- Potamilus_leptodon | +----- Medionidus | +----- Potamilus_alatus | +----- Ptychobranchus_subtentus ** --+ +----- Truncilla | +----- Venustaconcha | +----- Cambarunio | +----- Leaunio | | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2667], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 12 | 10 | -- |
+-------------------------- Toxolasma | --+ +----------------------- Obliquaria | | | | +-- Cyrtonaias +--+ +-----------------+ | | +-- Glebula | | +--+ +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | +--------------+ | | +-- Lemiox | | +--+ +-- Venustaconcha | +-----------+ | | +-- Obovaria +--+ | +----------- Hamiota +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis_ovata +--+ | +----- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_straminea +--+ +-- Lampsilis_hydiana
Chapman et al., 2008 [Publ 2744], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 12 | 10 | -- |
+-------------------------- Toxolasma | --+ +----------------------- Obliquaria | | | | +-- Cyrtonaias +--+ +-----------------+ | | +-- Glebula | | +--+ +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | +--------------+ | | +-- Lemiox | | +--+ +-- Venustaconcha | +-----------+ | | +-- Obovaria +--+ | +----------- Hamiota +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis_ovata +--+ | +----- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-- Lampsilis_straminea +--+ +-- Lampsilis_hydiana
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | -- |
+-------------- Obliquaria | | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** +-----------+ --+ +-- Lampsilis | | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__6 | +--------+ | | +-- Dromus +--+ | +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__5 | | +--+ +----- Cyprogenia_aberti__4 | | | | +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1 +--+ | | +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2 | | +--+-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1 | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__2 | +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__3
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. S3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 197 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+-------------------- Potamilus_leptodon | --+ +----------------- Potamilus_alatus | | | | +-- Medionidus +--+ +-----------+ | | +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus ** | | +--+ +-- Ellipsaria | +--------+ | | +-- Truncilla +--+ | +-------- Leaunio | | +--+ +-- Venustaconcha | +--+ | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 22 | 11 | 11 | -- |
+-- Glebula
+--------+
| +-- Cyrtonaias
|
--+ +-------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
+--+ +--+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+ |
| +-- Epioblasma
| |
| +-- Lampsilis
| |
+--+-- Ligumia
|
+-- Cambarunio
|
+-- Pachynaias
|
+-- Mesonaias
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 101 | 42 | 22 | -- |
+-------- Toxolasma
+--------------------+
| | +----- Obliquaria
| +--+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +-------------- Potamilus
| |
| | +-------- Medionidus_acutissimus
--+ | +--+
| +-----------+ | | +----- Lemiox
| | | | +--+
| | | | | +-- Dromus
| | | | +--+
| | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia
| | |
| | | +-- Sagittunio
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Medionidus_conradicus
+--+ +-----+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
| +--+
| +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
|
| +-- Ellipsaria
| +--------------------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +-------------------- Villosa
+--+ |
| | +-- Obovaria_olivaria
| | +--------+
| | | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| | +-----+
+--+ | | +-------- Epioblasma
| | +--+
| | | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| | +--+
| | | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| | +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
+--+
| +-------- Hamiota
| |
| +-----+ +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| | | +--+
| | | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ornata
|
| +-- Ligumia
| +--------+
| | +-- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
+-- Leaunio
Pfeiffer et al., 2019 [Publ 3866], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 11 | 11 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------+
| +-- Glebula
--+
| +-------------------- Potamilus
| |
+--+ +-- Truncilla
| +--------------+
| | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
+--+
| +-------------- Pachynaias
| |
+--+ +----------- Mesonaias
| |
+--+ +-- Lampsilis
| +-----+
| | +-- Ortmanniana
+--+
| +----- Cambarunio
+--+
| +-- Epioblasma
+--+
+-- Ligumia
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** --+ | +-------------- Truncilla +--+ | +----------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis +--+ | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ligumia +--+ +-- Epioblasma
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2B
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 11 | 8 | -- |
+-------------------- Truncilla | --+ +----------------- Ligumia | | | | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** +--+ +-----------+ | | +-- Sagittunio | | +--+ +----------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | | | | +----- Ortmanniana +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium | | +--+ +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola | | +----- Epioblasma +--+ | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Leaunio
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 5
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 6 | 6 | -- |
+----- Truncilla | +----- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** --+ | +-- Ortmanniana | | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ +-- Ligumia | +-- Epioblasma
Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | -- |
+-------------------------- Lampsilis | --+ +----------------------- Obliquaria | | +--+ +-------------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__6 | +--------------+ | | +-- Dromus +--+ | +-------------- Cyprogenia_aberti__4 | | +--+ +----------- Cyprogenia_aberti__3 | | +--+ +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__5 | | +--+ +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2 | | +--+----- Cyprogenia_aberti__2 | | +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1 +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
Campbell et al., 2005 [Publ 2660], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 101 | 42 | 22 | -- |
+----- Obliquaria
+--------+
| | +-- Cyrtonaias
| +--+
| +-- Glebula
|
| +----------- Sagittunio
| |
| +----------- Leaunio
| |
| +----------- Potamilus
| |
| +----------- Hamiota
| |
| | +-- Ellipsaria
--+ +--------+
| | +-- Truncilla
| |
| | +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
| | +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
| |
| | +----- Villosa
| +-----+
| | | +-- Ligumia
| | +--+
| | +-- Cambarunio
| |
+--+ +-------- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
+--+
| | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| +--+
| | +-- Lampsilis_cardium
| +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_ovata
|
| +-------- Obovaria_olivaria
| |
| +-------- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__2
+--+
| +-------- Epioblasma
| |
| | +----- Obovaria_unicolor
| +--+
| | +-- Obovaria_arkansasensis
| +--+
| +-- Obovaria_subrotunda
|
| +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
| +-----+
| | +-- Venustaconcha_ellipsiformis__1
| |
+--+ +----- Medionidus_conradicus
| |
| | +-- Lemiox
+--+--+
| +-- Medionidus_acutissimus
|
| +-- Dromus
+--+
+-- Cyprogenia
Graf & Ó Foighil, 2000 [Publ 2648], fig. 2A
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 11 | 8 | -- |
+----------- Ligumia | +----------- Truncilla | | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** +--------+ --+ +-- Sagittunio | | +-- Lampsilis_siliquoidea | +-----+ | | +-- Epioblasma | | +--+ +----- Ortmanniana | | | +----- Cambarunio +--+ +----- Leaunio | | +-- Lampsilis_cardium +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
Hoeh et al., 2009 [Publ 2716], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** --+ | +-------------- Truncilla +--+ | +----------- Ortmanniana +--+ | +-------- Lampsilis +--+ | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ligumia +--+ +-- Epioblasma
Serb & Barnhart, 2008 [Publ 2674], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | -- |
+----------------------- Obliquaria | +----------------------- Lampsilis --+ | +-------------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__6 | +--------------+ | | +-- Dromus +--+ | +-------------- Cyprogenia_aberti__5 | | +--+ +----------- Cyprogenia_aberti__4 | | +--+ +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__3 | | +--+ +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2 | | +--+----- Cyprogenia_aberti__2 | | +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1 +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 8 | 6 | -- |
+-------------- Potamilus_fragilis | --+ +----------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus ** | | +--+ +-------- Medionidus | | +--+ +----- Potamilus_purpuratus | | +--+----- Lampsilis | | +-- Ellipsaria +--+ +-- Villosa
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | -- |
+-------------------- Obliquaria | +-------------------- Lampsilis --+ | +----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__5 | +-----------+ | | +-- Dromus +--+ | +----------- Cyprogenia_aberti__4 | | +--+ +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__3 | | +--+ +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2 | | +--+----- Cyprogenia_aberti__2 | | +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1 +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 7 | 6 | -- |
+----------------- Medionidus --+ | +-------------- Potamilus_fragilis +--+ | +----------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus ** +--+ | +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus +--+ | +----- Lampsilis +--+ | +-- Villosa +--+ +-- Ellipsaria
Krebs et al., 2003 [Publ 2691], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 32 | 10 | 7 | -- |
+----- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
+--------+
| | +-- Potamilus_fragilis
| +--+
| +-- Medionidus
--+
| +-- Villosa
| +--------+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
+--+
| +-------- Lampsilis_teres
+--+
| +----- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +-- Potamilus_purpuratus
+--+
+-- Potamilus_alatus
Huang et al., 2019 [Publ 3843], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 199 | 13 | 11 | -- |
+-------------- Potamilus_leptodon | | +----------- Potamilus_alatus --+ | | | +-------- Venustaconcha | | | +--+ +-------- Leaunio | | | | +-- Ellipsaria | +-----+ +--+ +-- Truncilla | | +-- Medionidus +-----+ | +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus ** | | +----- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Huang et al., 2002 [Publ 2657], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 33 | 7 | 6 | -- |
+-- Villosa | +-- Ellipsaria | --+-- Lampsilis | +-- Potamilus | +-- Ptychobranchus_subtentus **
Graf & Cummings, 2006 [Publ 1968], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 46 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+-------------- Obliquaria | +-------------- Truncilla --+ +-------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | | +----------- Ligumia +--+ | +-------- Cambarunio +--+ | +----- Epioblasma +--+ | +-- Lampsilis +--+ +-- Ortmanniana
Jadhav & Jamkhedkar, 2009 [Publ 3697], fig. 11
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 7 | 7 | -- |
+-- Cambarunio --+ +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
Inoue et al., 2020 [Publ 4128], fig. 3
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 10 | 10 | -- |
+----------------------- Cyrtonaias | --+ +-------------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | | +--+ +----------------- Ligumia | | +--+ +-------------- Potamilus | | +--+ +----------- Pachynaias | | | | +-- Epioblasma +--+ +-----+ | | +-- Truncilla | | +--+ +-- Mesonaias | +--+ | | +-- Cambarunio +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Lydeard et al., 1996 [Publ 2656], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 27 | 8 | 6 | -- |
+-------------------- Obliquaria --+ | +----------------- Medionidus +--+ | +-------------- Ptychobranchus_subtentus ** +--+ | +----------- Potamilus_fragilis +--+ | +-------- Potamilus_purpuratus +--+ | +----- Ellipsaria +--+ | +-- Villosa +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Serb, 2006 [Publ 2678], fig. 4
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 | -- |
+-------------------- Obliquaria | +-------------------- Lampsilis --+ | +----------------- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | | +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__5 | +-----------+ | | +-- Dromus +--+ | +----------- Cyprogenia_aberti__4 | | +--+ +-------- Cyprogenia_aberti__3 | | +--+ +----- Cyprogenia_stegaria__2 | | +--+----- Cyprogenia_aberti__2 | | +-- Cyprogenia_stegaria__1 +--+ +-- Cyprogenia_aberti__1
Smith et al., 2019 [Publ 3951], fig. 2
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 35 | 19 | -- |
+----------------------- Obliquaria | | +-- Medionidus | +--+ | | +-- Lemiox --+ +--------------+ | | | +-- Cyprogenia | | +--+ | | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris ** | | +--+ +-------- Potamilus | +--------+ | | | +----- Atlanticoncha | | +--+ | | | +-- Ellipsaria | | +--+ +--+ +-- Truncilla | | +-- Hamiota | +-----------+ | | +-- Villosa | | +--+ +----------- Ligumia | | | | +----- Venustaconcha +--+ +--+ | | | +-- Obovaria | | +--+ +--+ +-- Epioblasma | | +----- Ortmanniana_pectorosa +--+ | +-- Ortmanniana_ligamentina +--+ +-- Lampsilis
Zanatta & Murphy, 2006 [Publ 2672], fig. 1
| tT | bi | riS | oT | roT | roS | iD | |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 55 | 47 | 22 | -- |
+-- Cyrtonaias
+--------------------------------+
| +-- Glebula
|
--+ +-------------------------------- Paetulunio
| |
| | +-- Obliquaria
+--+ +--------------------------+
| | +-- Toxolasma
| |
| | +-------------------------- Sagittunio
+--+ |
| | +----------- Potamilus
| | |
| | +-----------+ +-- Medionidus_conradicus
| | | | +-----+
+--+ | | | +-- Ptychobranchus_fasciolaris **
| | +--+
| | | +----- Medionidus_acutissimus
| | | |
| | +--+----- Lemiox
| | |
| | | +-- Dromus
+--+ +--+
| +-- Cyprogenia
|
| +----- Lampsilis_teres
| +--------------+
| | | +-- Truncilla
| | +--+
| | +-- Ellipsaria
| |
+--+ +----------------- Leaunio
| |
| | +----------- Hamiota
| | |
| | +--+ +-- Lampsilis_fasciola
+--+ | | +-----+
| | | | +-- Ortmanniana_pectorosa
| | +--+
| | | +----- Lampsilis_ornata
| | +--+
| | | +-- Lampsilis_ovata
+--+ +--+
| +-- Lampsilis_cardium
|
| +----- Venustaconcha
| +-----+
| | | +-- Obovaria
| | +--+
+--+ +-- Epioblasma
|
| +-------- Lampsilis_siliquoidea
+--+
| +----- Ortmanniana_ligamentina
+--+
| +-- Cambarunio
+--+
+-- Ligumia
